In addition to the reputation earned through asking useful questions and providing correct answers, you'll be recognised with badges to recognise actions that benefit the community.
Below is the list of available badges and number of times each type of badge has been awarded.
Completed all user profile fields
Got 3 upvotes in a question tagged with "bug"
Deleted own post with score of 3 or higher
First answer was accepted with at least 10 up votes
Visited the site each day for 30 consecutive days
Asked a question with 2000 views
Visited the site each day for 100 consecutive days
Question favorited by 25 users
Question voted up 20 times
Question voted up 50 times
Accepted answer and voted up 20 times
Hit the daily reputation cap for the first time
Answered a question more than 60 days later with at least 5 votes
Question voted up 10 times
Asked a question with 2500 views
Deleted own post with score of -3 or lower
Asked a question with 1000 views
First accepted answer on your own question
Answered your own question with at least 3 up votes
Posted 10 apps and answered 100 questions
Question favorited by 100 users
Asked first question with at least one up vote
Created a tag used by 50 questions
Answered first question with at least one up vote
Asked a question with no votes, no answers, no comments, and low views for a week
User who has validated email associated to the account
Active member for a year, earning at least 200 reputation